Traffic congestion refers to a situation in which the flow of traffic is impeded due to a high volume of vehicles on the roadways. This can lead to delays, increased travel times, and frustration for drivers. Research in this area typically focuses on identifying the causes of traffic congestion, such as road design, population growth, and transportation infrastructure, as well as developing strategies to mitigate and alleviate congestion, such as implementing congestion pricing, improving public transportation options, and using advanced traffic management systems. The ultimate goal of this research is to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems and reduce the negative impacts of congestion on people and the environment.